#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding: utf-8
"""
File: prime_list.py
Created by Pan Tao on 2011-11-16.
Copyright (c) 2011 CosTony.Com. All rights reserved.
"""
prime_list = lambda n: set([i for i in range(2,n)]) ^ set([i for i in range(2,n) for x in range(2,int(i**0.5)+1) if i%x == 0])
def main():
    print(prime_list(int(raw_input('Enter the max number:'))))
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

不要看上面有那么多行字符哈，其实就 prime_list = lambda: .... 这一行就行了，如果你对质数感兴趣，也可以去看看我以前写的一个专门用来求质数的程序，见这里： Python 验证与获得素数（via Miller Rabin & AKS）